This is a block of glass with a triangular cross section. White light can be split up to form a spectrum. The sRGB transfer function is also given on the Wikipedia page linked above. Dispersion of white light and the colours of the visible spectrum. The matrix of this linear transformation can be found in Wikipedia for sRGB, or at the Bruce Lindbloom's page that lists forward and backward matrices for more RGB color spaces. For example, the conversion to sRGB takes the three values $X,$ $Y,$ $Z$ as a vector, applies a particular linear transformation to this vector, and then applies the sRGB transfer function to each component of the resulting vector to yield the final gamma-compressed nonlinear values. The next step is to convert these values to the target color space. These CMFs give you a translation from spectral power density to CIE XYZ color space. Visible light waves are the only wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum that humans can see. Tables of numeric values of various CMFs including the CIE 1931 ones can be found e.g. R = \int_ f_n(\lambda)p(\lambda)\,d\lambda.$$ Within the visible light range of the electromagnetic spectrum, there is a spectrum of colour. In order to compute the excitation level, you can integrate the product of the sensitivity S C(λ) of each of the three color receptors with your spectral power distribution P(λ) to obtain the three RGB numbers: It covers all energies of light, extending from low-energy radio waves, to microwaves, to infrared, to optical light, to. This experiment targets the visible region of this spectrum specifically, because we can see electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths in this region with. But the electromagnetic spectrum encompasses more than just optical light. One way to tackle your challenge is to basically simulate what the eye does: you take the spectrum as input, calculate how much it would excite each of the three color receptors based on their sensitivity to different parts of the spectrum and then use the three resulting numbers as RGB corresponding to the spectrum. The resultant rainbow is really a continuous spectrum that shows us the different energies of light (from red to blue) present in visible light. Human eye has three types of color receptors which respond differently to different parts of the spectrum.
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